Category Archives: Defense

September 3, 2024

Gone Full White Sox

I’m watching the Baltimore feed of the White Sox game. With the bases loaded and two out, former White Sox player Eloy Jimenez pops up to shallow leftfield near the foul line. Andrew Benintendi comes in calling the ball. Third baseman Miguel Vargas goes back on the ball. Vargas does not give way and Benintendi takes him out, the ball dropping for a three-run, two base error. The Orioles announcer said, “Oh no, the White Sox have gone full White Sox.”

The Orioles lead 7-0 in the bottom of the second inning.

Update: Vargas initially stayed in the game, but came out while there was a pitching change.

August 26, 2024

Too Tall for Short

The Pirates decided to move Oneil Cruz from shortstop to centerfield:

Cruz is likely to be the designated hitter for the three-game series against the Chicago Cubs that starts Monday night. He will go through pregame workouts during the early part of the week before likely making his center-field debut sometime during a three-game weekend series at Cleveland.

Cruz, 25, became the tallest shortstop in major league history when he made his debut on Oct. 2, 2021.

“It’s something that we’ve been talking about,” Pirates manager Derek Shelton said of the position change before Monday night’s game. “It’s not something we took lightly. He’s an unbelievable athlete. We feel that [center field] is probably the best position for him and for the Pirates.”

ESPN.com

While the article points to errors, Cruz ranked 19th in UZR per 150 defensive games.

One of the advantages of drafting shortstops is they can be moved to easier defensive positions fairly easily. We’ve seen this kind of move frequently over the years.

August 9, 2024 July 19, 2024

Braids for the Out

Oneil Cruz of the Pirates tagged up from first on a sacrifice fly, and was originally called safe on a fantastic slide to the outfield side of second base. Cruz caught the base with his hand as Edmundo Sosa of the Phillies reached for the tag. The play was overturned on replay, however, as it showed that Sosa tagged Cruz’s long, flying braids. A clean cut Cruz might have been safe.

The Phillies lead the Pirates 7-6 in the top of the eighth inning.

Update: The Pirates walk-off with two runs in the bottom of the ninth to beat the Phillies 8-7. Nick Gonzales singled in the winning run after Cruz drove in the tying run with a fielder’s choice. Cruz went three for five with a double in the game.

July 10, 2024

Mariners Play Defense

Mariners defeated the Padres in San Diego 2-0 Wednesday evening. Bryce Miller started for Seattle, but only struck out one batter in six innings of work. He came into the day averaging 8.5 K per 9 IP. K’s continued light for the bullpen, too, as they struck out three in three innings. The Padres managed to put 27 balls in play, but only managed five hits, none for extra bases and the Mariners fielders did a great job of turning those balls into outs. Miller might get some credit for that as he now owns a .248 BABIP.

June 9, 2024

Defense Wins

The Mets score three runs in the top of the ninth inning, and survive a bases loaded, one out jam in the bottom of the inning to beat the Phillies 6-5. The Mets led 6-4 going into the the last half inning, but two singles and a hit by pitch load the bases with one down. A walk drove in a run, bringing Nick Castellanos to the plate. He hit a ball that died in front of the plate. Mets catcher Luis Torrens picked up the ball, took a step back to get the force at the plate, then made a perfect throw to first to avoid Castellanos and get the final out of the game on a 2-3 double play. With bunting having gone out of fashion in the game, we don’t really think of catchers as fielders, but that was a brilliant play by Torrens.

The teams split in London.

June 1, 2024

Putting Catchers at Risk

This post caught my eye last week:

So part of framing isn’t just pulling the ball into the strike zone, but catching it closer to the plate so the umpire doesn’t see as much of a drop. This immediately made me think of Willson Contreras’s injury.

Now, a minor league catcher is in the hospital after getting hit in the head with a backswing:

Henry was hit in the back of the head by the swing from Syracuse Mets third baseman Pablo Reyes in the seventh inning. He immediately went to the ground upon contact and athletic trainers tended to him.

Officials decided not to continue the game after the injury.

The Bisons said later in the night that Henry was “alert and appropriately responsive” at an area hospital. They called the injury a “scary incident.”

ESPN.com

Batters erase the back line of the batter’s box so they can stand as far behind the plate as possible to give themselves more time to recognize and hit very fasts pitches. Now catcher are creeping closer to the plate to try to get an edge in called strikes. The results at first were more catcher interference calls, and now major injuries.

This has to stop. I always thought pitch framing was a form of cheating, and now that cheating is causing physical harm.

I have a suggestion. Home plate umpires should start wearing small video cameras capable of recording footage that could be used in virtual reality headsets. Once a library is built up, the night before a game behind home plate, the umpire trains on the pitcher/catcher combination for the next game. He sees a pitch, calls a ball or strike, and the VR corrects him when needed. This way, the umpire learns how catchers fool try to fool him. He also learns what the pitcher throws, so he is better at recognizing from that point of view.

Being fooled by pitch framing is a pattern recognition problem. The problem can be trained away, and then catchers can go back to catching at a distance, and CI calls can once again be very rare.

April 17, 2024 April 2, 2024

Fielding from the Stretch

Brewers reliever Abner Uribe, on for the save in the ninth inning, helps turn a 3-6-1 double play. With Austin Martin of the Twins on first and no one out, Manuel Margot grounds to the right of the first baseman, Jake Bauers. Bauers makes a nice play and throws to Willy Adames for the force at second. Uribe was running to cover first base from the beginning, and gets there in time for the throw, which is a bit toward the out field. Uribe does a nice split to stretch and make the catch.

He then retires the final batter for the save, and the Brewers defeat the Twins 3-2.

March 29, 2024

Brewers Defense

The Brewers beat the Mets 3-1 at Citi Field on opening day, holding the Mets to one hit, a solo home run by Starling Marte. The Mets struck out ten times, which limited their opportunities for hits, but the Brewers made some nice defensive plays, too.

In the ninth, second baseman Brice Turang, in earlier as a pinch hitter, ranged to the shortstop side of second to stop a Harrison Bader grounder. He threw over his body to first, where Rhys Hoskins made a spectacular stretch and catch for the out. Then Blake Perkins made a nice running catch on a Brandon Nimmo fly to left center. Finally, Francisco Lindor hits the ball up the middle, but Willy Adames is standing right where the ball is hit for the out.

Freddy Peralta, getting the opening day start, shone with one walk and eight strikeouts in six innings. He’s the new ace of the Milwaukee rotation, and certainly performed up to that moniker today.

March 8, 2024

Betts Will be Catching Soon

Mookie Betts keeps moving to the more difficult end of the defensive spectrum:

Los Angeles planned for the six-time Gold Glove and seven-time All-Star outfielder to be the regular second baseman but shifted him to shortstop for Friday night’s spring training game against Cincinnati. Manager Dave Roberts called the switch, 12 days before the opener, “permanent, for now.”

Expected shortstop Gavin Lux has struggled in the field, primarily with short-hop throws to first base.

Chron.com

Lux will play second base for now. It was impressive enough that Betts could make the move from rightfield to second base, but now at seasonal age 31 he moves to the toughest position behind the pitcher. Most of the Dodgers pitchers own high strikeout rates, which should take some pressure off Betts. Still, if I’m a hitter, I’m trying to pepper the position as much as possible.

February 21, 2024

Astros Flexibility

The Astros want to play Yordan Alvarez in the outfield more to give other players a chance to rest a bit as the designated hitter:

Chas McCormick could be the DH when Houston deploys an Alvarez-Jake MeyersKyle Tucker outfield. Espada said Tuesday he expects Jose Abreu to be slotted in at designated hitter on occasion, and I suspect Jose Altuve could get a smattering of DH reps (both to keep his body rested and to get additional at-bats for Mauricio Dubón).

Chron.com

Abreu and Altuve are well into their 30s and McCormick is one of the older youngsters. Alex Bregman players 2024 as a 30 year old, and he could probably use a day off the infield now and then.

The team could also minimize the defensive impact of Alvarez on the field by playing him on days with either high strikeout or high ground ball pitchers on the mound.

In addition, while the sample size is not great, Alvarez in his career hit much better when he is playing in the field.

February 16, 2024

A Team of Shortstops

The Padres decided to try Ha-Seong Kim at shortstop this season with Xander Bogaerts shifting to second base:

Bogaerts told reporters he was comfortable with the plan to switch.

“I was like, ‘Listen, man, if this is the way that you guys view the team is better,’ ” Bogaerts said. “I respect Kim, especially defensively. I actually admire him a lot.”

ESPN.com

The Padres continue to be a team full of shortstops. Manny Machado, Fernando Tatis Jr., Jake Cronenworth, and Jurickson Profar all spent a decent amount of time at the position also. That’s the nice thing about drafting and acquiring shortstops who can hit. You can always find a place for them to play defensively.

January 14, 2024

Targeting Pitches

Tom Tango uses data on the position of the left wrist of catchers to infer how the backstops set targets for various pitches. This first post in a series deals with inside pitches, and the differences in targeting are small compared to the difference in ball placement up and down.

I could this being useful to broadcasters. It would be fairly easy to build a model for each catcher, or even each catcher/pitcher combination. Then, if an analyst says, “He wanted that pitch up!” it would more likely be true.

One could also build reports on how often pitchers hit the intended targets, which I suspect would be very useful in evaluating talent, both for the future, but in season and in game as well. Along with spin rates, FIP, and barrels, hitting the target could add to the valuation of free agents. Within a season, target deterioration could indicate an injury before it becomes serious. Within a game, target deterioration might be a better indication of when to lift a pitcher rather than third time through the order.

W. Edwards Deming would love that.

December 4, 2023

Against the Spectrum

The Dodgers shift Mookie Betts the other way on the defensive spectrum:

Speaking on the MLB Network on Monday, Roberts put to the rest the notion of Betts part-timing in both the infield and outfield as the Dodgers look to win the National League West for the third year in a row.

“It’s pretty safe to say that No. 50, Mookie Betts, is going to be our every-day second baseman,” Roberts said.

Betts, 31, was the Dodgers’ second baseman against righties last year. But second base is Betts’ preferred position, and he thought it’d be easier to stick to one position. The Dodgers also believe that playing second base is easier on his body.

ESPN.com

That last bit goes against what I’ve always thought, that middle infielders get banged up a bit more than outfielders, due to the collisions at second base on double plays and caught stealing. The rules have changed to make interactions between those fielders and runners safer, but accidents still happen. From the defensive spectrum link above:

The basic premise of the spectrum is that positions on the right side of the spectrum are more difficult than the positions on the left side. Therefore, the positions are easier to fill as one goes left on the spectrum, since the physical demands are less.

Wikipedia.com

So this is a bold move by the Dodgers, especially since Betts is already past his prime years. Certainly, Betts’s offense is more valuable at second base, and if he is successful at the position it will be another positive tick in his Hall of Fame case.

November 11, 2023

Why Draft Shortstops

Fernando Tatis Jr.won the Platinum Glove award for 2023 as the best defender in the National League:

Tatis’ transition from shortstop to right field is well documented. The level at which he played a new position at the major league level is astounding. He was second in all of baseball in Defensive Runs Saved at 27. Only Toronto’s Daulton Varsho had more. Seeing as he is in the American League, that means Tatis has the highest Defensive Runs Saved of any National League defender at any position. Which makes sense, now that he has been named the Platinum fielder of the NL.

He resided in the 94th percentile for Outs Above Average and the 99th percentile for arm strength. Among right fielders specifically, he led with 11 Outs Above Average. Second place had six. Tatis was also tied for the third-most outfield assists with 12. Teams quickly learned that they should not run on Tatis’ arm.

EastVillageTimes.com

Shortstops who can hit can always be moved to another position if they, like Tatis, find that injuries limit their ability at the top defensive position behind the pitcher. The defense will often translate to the easier position.

I still believe the Yankees big mistake 20 years ago was keeping Derek Jeter at shortstop when they acquired Alex Rodriguez. Bernie Williams was in decline, and Jeter played shortstop poorly relative to the league. Jeter was fantastic at running down play balls, however. So a move of Williams to DH, Jeter to centerfield, and Rodriguez to short would have improved the team at two defensive positions while keeping the bats in the lineup.

It’s good that San Diego realized this early, and are reaping the defensive benefits of Tatis in the outfield, while persevering his ability to hit by limiting injuries.

November 1, 2023

Rangers Keep Hitting

Josh Jung and Nathaniel Lowe of the Rangers both single opening the top of the ninth inning against Diamondbacks pitcher Paul Sewald. Jonah Heim comes up and knocks a single to centerfield, and the ball goes under the glove of Alek Thomas. The two runners score and Heim winds up at third. The Rangers now lead 3-0, needing three outs on defense to win the World Series.

Update: With two out, Marcus Semien homers to give Texas a 5-0 lead. That’s his second home run in the series in as many games.

Update: Evan Carter strikes out to end the inning. Now it’s up to the defense.

October 20, 2023

Phillies Phlubs

The Phillies play fumble on defense in the bottom of the second inning, leading to an unearned run and a 1-0 Diamondbacks lead. An error, a ball that could have been a double play and a passed ball gave Christian Walker the chance to turn an out into a run, and he comes all the way around to score.

The Phillies greatly improved their defense this season, so that was a very atypical inning for them.

October 19, 2023

Tuck in Your Batting Gloves

Marcus Semien of the Rangers gets doubled off first base on a line drive by Corey Seager due to Jose Abreu of the Astros brushing a finger of Semien’s batting glove that was sticking out of his back pocket. The umpire called him safe, but the play was overturned on replay. It’s a game of millimeters.

The Astros lead 7-3 in the top of the sixth inning.

October 17, 2023

A Bobble and a Blast

Trea Turner of the Phillies opened the game committing an error on a ground ball from Corbin Carroll of the Diamondbacks. The miscue did not lead to a run, but Turner blasts a ball out of the part in the bottom of the first to give the Phillies a 1-0 lead. The crowd will forget the error.

October 15, 2023

Good To Bad

With Jose Altuve of the Astros on first and none out in the bottom of the eighth, Alex Bregman launched a ball off Aroldis Chapman of the Astros that looked like a two run homer. Altuve ran to second while Evan Carter in leftfield ran to the deepest part of the park. Carter made the catch, Altuve made a move toward third, then headed back to first. Unfortunately, he did not touch second on the way back, and he gets doubled off on review.

I was not impressed with Carter’s defense in the earlier rounds, but he made a few good plays in this game including that catch.

The Rangers lead the Astros 2-0 at the end of eight innings.

October 3, 2023

Diamondbacks Win Long

In a rather slow game, 3:36, the Diamondbacks beat the Brewers 6-3. There were lots of in-inning pitching changes as each side used seven pitches a number of challenges, and a lot of batters reaching base. In the end, the Diamondbacks collected four extra-base hits to the Brewers two, and that made the difference in the game.

Evan Longoria made a number of excellent plays at third base. He didn’t always get the runner, but he turned two potential doubles into a double play and a single. He also caught a runner going too far on an infield single.

Both teams could use a very long outing from their starters tomorrow.

October 3, 2023

Robinson Reincarnated

Evan Longoria of the Diamondbacks channels his inner Brooks Robinson as he snags a line drive off the bat of Tyrone Taylor of the Brewers with the bases loaded and one out. Off the bat, I thought it was a sure hit to leftfield, but Longoria dove to his left to snag the ball and threw to second to get the runner wo was too far off the bag to end the inning. The Diamondbacks continue to lead 4-3 as the game goes to the top of the sixth inning.

September 24, 2023

Julio Canseco

The Rangers just hit their third home run of the fourth inning to go up 7-2 on the Mariners. The third one got some help, as Julio Rodriguez of the Mariners had the ball hit his glove as he jumped for it. The ball bounced out of the glove and over the wall for the HR. It’s not Jose Canseco heading a ball out of the park, but the result is the same.

September 14, 2023

Cedric the Centerfielder

The Rays and Orioles play in Baltimore with the AL East division title on the line. You can tell the players take the game seriously as Cedric Mullins just made one of the best diving catches you’ll see. Taylor Walls hit a low fly ball to deep right center. Mullins raced over, laid out airborne, and his glove met the ball perfectly for the out. It saved a run as the Rays had a runner on first base with two out.

The teams are scoreless as the Orioles bat in the bottom of the second inning.

Update: Ryan O’Hearn homers in the second inning to give the Orioles a 1-0 lead.

August 28, 2023

The Framing Penalty

StatCast allows researchers to pinpoint the location of the catcher’s right shoulder behind the tip of the plate. Tom Tango uses that data to show how a catcher moving closer to the plate improves pitch framing but also increases catcher interference calls:

So you can see why catchers would try to nudge their way closer to the plate, as each inch is giving his team a run in framing. But you can also see how each inch is adding interference calls, and each interference call is worth 0.3 runs (plus potential injury). Being a catcher is a very tough job.

TangoTiger.com

Sixty six behind the back tip of home plate appears to be the spot where the catcher interference calls go down to normal. Lacking robot umpires, I would institute a rule to keep catchers behind that distance to minimize the impact of both CI and pitch framing.

July 24, 2023

Early Robbery

Elly De La Cruz leads off for the Reds at the Brewers with a smash to centerfield. Brewers centerfielder Joey Wiemer goes back to the wall, times his leap perfectly, and robs De La Cruz of a home run. The Reds go down in order in the top of the first, thanks to that nice catch.

Update: De La Cruz homers in the third inning to give the Reds a 2-1 lead.

July 23, 2023

Rolen’s Defense

As Scott Rolen enters the Hall of Fame today, teammates reflect on this defense. Here is Todd Zeile, a third baseman himself:

Todd Zeile was Scott Rolen’s first major league first baseman and an experienced third baseman in his own right. The 1996 Phillies were the third of Zeile’s 11 MLB teams. He had a lot of teammates, but few compared to Rolen defensively.

Todd Zeile (Phillies 1B, 1996): “There’s a timing mechanism that good third basemen have [so] that they know how much time they have to deliver the ball to get the runner by a step. Scott, for as athletic as he was at third base, had that built-in clock. I had really struggled with that and made a lot of unforced errors. He would dive and sprawl and roll and come up and throw it from weird angles but he always seemed to have that clock that would give him just enough time to get his balance, make accurate throws, and not make unforced errors.”

SportsInfoSolutions.com

There is also a great bit from Eduardo Perez about how a first baseman could not take his eye off a ball hit to third, because Rolen would throw the ball to the bag if you were there or not.

July 21, 2023

The Point Where A Manager Comes to Realize He Made a Terrible Mistake

Bryce Harper made a great catch in his first start at first base:

I can only imagine Rob Thomson thinking, as he watched the fall, “Please don’t be hurt again!”

Harper is one for three in the game as the Guardians lead 4-1 in the fifth inning.

July 11, 2023

Wall Ball

The first two hitters in the National League lineup hit balls to the wall, and the American League Outfielders turn them into outs. Ronald Acuna Jr.hit a ball to rightfield, where Adolis Garcia battled the sun to make a reaching catch. The Freddie Freeman hits a ball to the wall in leftfield, where Randy Arozarena battles the sun to make a leaping catch. Gerrit Cole retires the side in order, and the AL comes up with no score in the game.